Sustainable development amidst climate change challenges calls for consistent and sincere pro-environmental efforts by the general population. Demonstrating such behaviours, however, is highly contingent upon beliefs and attitudes towards climate change. The present study thus aimed to explore the relation between psychological barriers and pro-climate behaviours in the Indian context using Per Espen Stoknes’ theory. Stoknes outlined five psychological barriers that prevent people from undertaking psychological action—distance, doom, denial, dissonance and identity. The study consisted of 113 participants from India, aged between 18 and 50 years. Data were collected using an online survey that assessed attitudes, psychological barriers and pro-environmental behaviours. Dissonance was found to be the strongest predictor of behaviour among this sample, as it was significantly negatively correlated with five out of six pro-environmental behaviours measured—consumerism, waste avoidance, mobility and transportation, recycling and vicarious social behaviours towards conservation. Denial was also found to be significantly negatively correlated with energy conservation. The findings and their implications are discussed in the context of contemporary climate change challenges.