Fishing and Aquaculture Bioprospecting of the Ocean

The marine environment covers about 70% of the Earth’s surface, and its fisheries resources form a significant source of protein for the global population. Although abundant, these resources are not limitless. Ecologically, ocean or marine ecosystems regulate significant part of the climate. Almost 70% of the Earth’s surface is made up of open ocean ecosystem, which is the largest marine ecosystem. Society benefits greatly from healthy marine and terrestrial ecosystems in many ways, including food, materials, recreation, and carbon controls. Owing to the effects of climate change, growing human population, and increased pressure, marine ecosystems are changing quickly. The marine ecosystem provides extensive services of ecology. The ocean resources can be classified into two main sources of the wide variety of biotic and abiotic resources found in the seas and oceans. This chapter critically reviewed the aquatic bioprospecting of the marine through fishing.