Education Inequality During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Theoretical Framework Development

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused an unprecedented change in the way that education has been delivered to adapt to public health emergencies. Digital transformation in education is considered an optimal solution to education during social distancing or lockdown periods. However, online education increases inequality in access to education across the globe, especially the low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study provides a framework for determinants of education inequality and proposes policy implications for education inclusion among vulnerable groups.