Biopolymer-Based Nanocomposites for Adsorption/Recovery of Fertilizer Nutrients in Agricultural Applications

Meeting the global food demand necessitates addressing the significant challenge of enhancing crop yield in the agricultural sector. However, the excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides for crop improvement contributes to environmental pollution. Consequently, there is a crucial need to embrace sustainable and economically viable farming practices both presently and in the future. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of biobased polymer nanocomposites, focusing on their application in the adsorption and recovery of various fertilizer nutrients from diverse sources. The discussion delves into the sources, types, and synthesis of biopolymeric nanocomposites, elucidating the combination of biopolymers and nanofillers along with detailed characterization techniques. Key factors influencing the efficient adsorption of nutrients by these nanocomposites, including possible mechanisms, are thoroughly examined. The classification, types, and functions of essential, macro, and micronutrients essential for plant growth are emphasized. The systematic exploration of sustainable and waste-based resources containing diverse nutrients aligns with the principles of the circular economy. A literature overview consolidates information on the use of biopolymer nanocomposites for adsorption and recovery of model nutrients, encompassing adsorption capacity, mechanisms, isotherms, feasibility in real samples, and practical applications in soil for plants/crops. Finally, challenges and future directions in utilizing bio-nanocomposites for the adsorption of fertilizer nutrients from various resources are discussed.