Manipulating the Matrix: Role of Extracellular Vesicles

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound vesicles ubiquitously secreted by nearly all cell types, containing bioactive cargo that profoundly influences cellular behavior. One mechanism through which EVs exert their effects is by modulating the extracellular matrix (ECM). Originally viewed as a mere physical scaffold, the ECM plays a pivotal role in orchestrating cellular interactions. This chapter explores the ability of EVs to regulate the ECM in both physiological conditions and various disease states. Additionally, this chapter will delve into the discovery and functional significance of a novel type of EV, the matrix-bound nanovesicle, which resides within the ECM itself. Lastly, the clinical implications and therapeutic potential of EVs will be explored given their profound influence on cellular function and ECM modulation.