Imaging-Based Navigation: Applications Beyond Instrumentation

Navigation using three-dimensional computed tomography scanning or fluoroscopy has many uses intraoperatively. While the techniques are most commonly used for placement of pedicle screws, there are many other applications. These include, but are not limited to, placement of interbody cages, sacroiliac joint fusions, and targeted resections, such as in infection, pseudarthrosis, and en bloc tumor resection. These technologies have also been utilized to facilitate minimally invasive techniques, such as in the placement of percutaneous pedicle screws, interbody devices, and sacroiliac joint fusion, as well as interbody device placement. In this chapter, we aim to discuss additional uses of navigation outside of instrumentation.