3D-Printed Patient-Specific Guides: Planning and Instrumentation

The planning process is essential to the effectiveness of 3D-printed patient-specific guides and increases the efficiency in the operating room by frontloading much of the decision making and preparation. A plan is created through acquisition of a CT scan and analysis by engineers. Instrumentation includes patient-specific, level-specific guides and a 3D-printed model of the spine. The guides are anatomically matched to each level and provide mechanical access to the pedicle using a drill bit. The workflow alterations are minimal and easily repetitive. Instrumentation can proceed caudally to cranially or in reverse. Placing screws in the pelvis can also be done using 3D-printed guides without intraoperative fluoroscopy. The 3D-printed model itself can be especially useful in revision cases or those with abnormal anatomy. Preliminary data shows a decrease in operative time and blood loss when 3D-printed guides are used for spinal deformity surgery.