Multiband Antenna Design Using Giuseppe Peano’s Fractal with Graphene for THz Applications

This work presents a flexible multi-band antenna with high gain and sophistication that was created by adding Giuseppe Peano and graphene parasitic components to a standard patch antenna. The patch's borders are decorated with the Giuseppe Peano design. The fractal THz antenna's suggested configuration evolved from a basic rectangular patch antenna with two slots in the ground plane construction through several design revisions. A 50 µm-thick polyimide flexible substrate with a dielectric constant of ɛr = 3.5 is used in the design. At 200 × 200 ×  50 µm3, this antenna is small and resonates in two bands at 0.5 THz and 0.6 THz, with reflection coefficients of −30.2 dB and −33.2 dB, respectively. Furthermore, it achieves 5.02 dBi and 5.57 dBi peak gains in these corresponding frequency regions. Based on the finite integration approach, a CST Microwave Studio is used to confirm the correctness of the recommended antenna. As a result, THz applications in high-resolution radar systems and medical imaging may benefit from this suggested antenna design.