Advancements in the Development of Diverse Hole Transport Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells: A Review

Perovskite solar cells have shown a significant improvement in power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 3.8% to 22% over a period of 5 years. However, these cells lose efficiency over their operation; they degrade over time. Until this issue is resolved, they cannot compete with traditional silicon solar cells. In this present review article, we look into the different organic and inorganic P-type semiconductor materials, are used for the materials for the hole transport layers employed in the perovskite solar cells that are available and analyze their performance. The efficiency and stability of PSCs strongly depend on the morphology and type of materials selected within the cell, such as the HTL in the device. Additionally, we explore how digital technologies, such as computational modeling and data analytics, are accelerating the discovery and optimization of novel HTMs, thereby driving the evolution of PSCs towards commercial viability.