Comparative Study: The Emerging of Quantum Cryptography

Data secrecy concern has always been and still is a crucial matter for supper secret information. The transport of this kind of information was, in the early ages, done by a trustworthy prophet to accomplish the process. It was either to alert or for safety reasons. The same cycle still existed within or even between many different countries. Which prepared the right causes to improve the cryptography field. Lately, many industries have included secrecy settings to protect user’s private information and have contributed to promoting it. First, it started with transposition and shifting the message’s letter in a direction, then it jumped to a cryptosystem founded on mathematical equations, especially the complex and the computational-power consumer. Although, it worked for decades. However, quantum mechanics has altered this belief and the dependency on classical and modern cryptography. Quantum physics’ properties have given an unpredictable opportunity to achieve both the full confidentiality and reliability of quantum encryption. An example of the BB84 protocol, which was proposed in 1984 by Bernhard and Bennett, the Quantum Secret Sharing (QSS) in early 2000, the Twin-Field Quantum Key Distribution (TF-QKD) in late 2010, and more. Those protocols have proved the predictability of supposed eavesdropping, for some, by calculating a certain QBER quantum bit error rate. The objectives of this article are to state cryptography eras as well as the recent works done by researchers and their contribution to the quantum field.