Electric Vehicle Issues, Challenges and Technological Solutions: A Systematic Review

The electrification of transport is necessary in order to reduce greenhouse gases, as well as to guarantee sustainability, as conventional vehicles, use of limited natural resources such as oil. Despite the considerable progress in terms of autonomy and energy efficiency of these vehicles, it is still necessary to take advantage of technological progress and that of battery efficiency, to ensure a wider deployment of electric vehicles (EV). In this paper we present a systematic review of the impact of the different technological aspects on electric vehicle efficiency, we investigate the energy efficiency of EVs, as well as the issues and constraints considered in electric vehicle routing problems (EVRP). The strengths of the electrification of transport and the use of EVs in distribution logistics are clearly highlighted, and gaps in EVRP models are identified.