The International Civic and Citizenship Education Study (ICCS 2022) collected data on the ways in which education systems across different countries prepare young people to become citizens. The European student questionnaire was first introduced in ICCS 2009, and represented, together with the other regional instruments, an innovative feature of the study. It was developed to measure aspects of civic and citizenship education that were deemed important for the European context by considering social and political issues that European countries viewed as relevant in the region at the outset of the study. It collected information on students’ attitudes and behaviors in relation to contemporary issues as well as on specific aspects included in the previous cycles of the study, which allowed for measuring changes over time. The conceptual underpinning of all constructs that were included in the European student questionnaire is described in the ICCS 2022 assessment framework, specifically in relation to affective-behavioral areas 1 (attitudes) and 2 (engagement). Eighteen countries and two benchmarking participants (the German states of North Rhine-Westphalia and Schleswig-Holstein) administered the ICCS 2022 European student questionnaire. More than 66,000 students and about 33,000 teachers from about 2800 schools participated in ICCS 2022 in these European countries.