Head and Neck Cancer

Head and neck cancer is the seventh most common type of cancer worldwide. The cause of HPV-associated oropharyngeal tumors is HPV type 16 infection. Risk factors for HPV-negative head and neck cancer include smoking and alcohol (Chow 2020). Recently, stress has begun to be included among the factors involved in the development and especially the potentiation of progression of head and neck cancer (Iftikhar et al. 2021).