Melanoma

Melanoma is a relatively common cancer, the incidence of which is increasing. It arises from the malignant transformation of melanocytes, pigment-producing cells that are of neuroectodermal origin, and arises mainly in the skin but also in other parts of the body, such as the iris and rectum. The main risk factor for the development of cutaneous melanoma is exposure to the sun’s UV rays (Schadendorf et al. 2015).