Other Orbital Lesions

Orbital pathologies encompass a wide range of lesions, which are localized in the same anatomical region and soften presenting similar symptoms. These lesions span from non-tumoral benign conditions to aggressive malignancies. Primary orbital lesions can be confined to the orbital compartment or extend into the intracranial space; while secondary orbital lesions may originate from the intracranial space or paranasal sinuses and extend into the orbit. Lesions can be also differentiated in ocular ones, intra- or extraconal based on the relationships with the extraocular muscles. Clinical and radiological examination may help in the differential diagnosis and guide surgical management, which is primarily determined by the location and extension of the lesions. Certain orbital lesions necessitate a multidisciplinary approach involving neurosurgeons, ophthalmologists, oncologists and radiation therapists. The aim of the present chapter is to explore the principal pathological entities affecting the orbit in neurosurgical practice and to examine the key clinical, radiological and therapeutic aspects of these lesions.