Democratizing Anatomy Education with Bespoke 3D-Printed Models as Visualization Tools

Anatomical models have been used for centuries to support anatomical dissection and anatomy learning. Such models have evolved to levels of exceptional anatomical detail that provide an accurate representation of anatomical structure and relations within the human body. Despite the evolution of these anatomical models in terms of realism, complexity, and their widespread commercial availability, anatomical models have essentially remained as static depictions of the human form. To support the teaching and visualization of more complex, dynamic anatomical processes, and to fill the gaps in the available commercial model catalog, many anatomical educators, including ourselves, have resorted to developing low-tech, bespoke models in the classroom, which can be extremely effective at explaining difficult concepts. However, such models are, more often than not, single-use items, perishable items, or generally have a limited life span without any significant reusability. With the technological advances and increasing accessibility associated with rapid fabrication devices such as 3D printers, the development of more advanced, durable, and reusable bespoke anatomical resources is now within reach for most anatomy educators. In this chapter, we will discuss how we have harnessed the accessibility offered by 3D printing to develop a sustainable and reusable portfolio of bespoke anatomical teaching resources that aid the understanding of both static and dynamic anatomical concepts beyond the scope of currently available commercial anatomical models. We will describe how integrating additional simple fabrication tools and processes, including resin casting, basic electronics, and do-it-yourself (DIY) techniques, can enliven static models and demonstrations without reliance on large budgets for expensive machinery or for multiple traditional commercial anatomical models. We conclude the chapter with a “how to” beginner’s guide on 3D printing and model making, in order to assist anyone with an interest in developing their own models to begin the creative process.