Graphene Synthesis and Characterization Techniques for Photocatalytic Applicants

The attention toward graphene-based photocatalysts is increasing in coincidence with the development increment of the worldwide desire toward eco-friendly applications such as green energy and the photocatalytic abetment of non-biodegradable and persistent water pollutants. The researchers are driven to design novel, cheap, and efficient, materials that can be applied in such fields. In recent years, within the different known strategies for producing green energy and protecting the environment, the photocatalytic routes have been considered significant promising applicable ways for low-cost, environmentally benign, and long-term technologies. The most critical challenge in the industrial development of photocatalysts is how to design an ideal photocatalyst having high catalytic activity and a large surface area. In addition to that, the scientists are focusing on the cost-reduction factors such as the large ability to harvest sunlight, and the high efficiency toward the reusing for several times accompanied with continued high catalytic activities. Because of its particular optical, physicochemical, and electrical properties, graphene and its derivatives have been extensively exploited to equally support semiconductors and photocatalysts. In this chapter, the graphene-supported metal oxide nanocomposite synthesis routes, characterization methodologies, and their remarkable applications in the field of photocatalysis will be investigated. Several influencing parameters, such as pH, photocatalyst dosage, temperature, the wavelength of light, and oxidizing agents, will be reviewed, all of which could significantly affect the activity of graphene and graphene derivatives in photocatalytic applications. Furthermore, the catalysts’ recyclability and the photocatalytic activity mechanisms will be thoroughly discussed. Finally, a quick summary of the field’s difficulties and future approaches will be provided.