Graphene-Based Photocatalysts for Biomedical Applications and Eco-Friendly Biomedical Waste Management

In recent years, the exceptional characteristics of graphene (Gr)-based photocatalysts have sparked significant interest for their potential applications across various industries. These materials stand out for their capacity to harness solar energy and their promise in addressing environmental issues, making them a focal point of attention for potential use in industries focused on energy conversion and environmental remediation. Graphene which is a two-dimensional form of carbon, exhibits extraordinary electrical, mechanical, and optical properties, rendering it an excellent foundation for the creation of highly effective photocatalytic materials. This chapter highlights the recent advances and potential biomedical applications of Gr-based photocatalysts. The fusion of Gr with various materials has shown remarkable performance in terms of enhanced light absorption, efficient charge separation, and improved photocatalytic activity. These properties make Gr-based photocatalysts highly attractive for applications in biomedical fields, including antibacterial coatings, drug delivery systems, and cancer therapy. Different methods of synthesis of Gr-based photocatalysts, such as chemical vapor deposition, hydrothermal, and solvothermal methods, are presented. The effects of various parameters, such as the morphology, size, and doping of Gr-based photocatalysts, on their photocatalytic performance, are also discussed. Additionally, it discusses the challenges and opportunities associated with the translation of Gr-based photocatalysts into practical biomedical applications, such as biocompatibility, scalability, and cost-effectiveness. The remarkable progress in this area underscores the potential of Gr-based photocatalysts as promising candidates for addressing critical challenges in biomedicine, offering opportunities for advanced therapeutics, diagnostics, and biomedical devices. Further research and development efforts are warranted to fully explore the potential of Gr-based photocatalysts and overcome the existing limitations, ultimately paving the way for their successful integration into clinical practice.