Ophthalmological Pathology and Management in Eye Disease: Cornea

Corneal dystrophies are non-inflammatory, bilateral, progressive, frequently symmetric, genetic disorders, associated or not with systemic diseases. Corneal dystrophies are anterior (Cogan, Meesman, Reisbucklers), stromal (Biber, Haab-Dimmer, Schneiner, Groenow I, II) and posterior (cornea guttata, Fuchs endothelial dystrophy). Corneal degenerations that can be related to age. Infectious inflammatory diseases of the cornea, keratitis be ulcerative—corneal ulcer and superficial or deep non-ulcerative, and suppurative corneal abscess, central or peripheral. Superficial ulcerative bacterial keratitis, represented by corneal ulcer, central or marginal, Corneal ulceration has a staged evolution, with the extension of the ulceration in the surface and depth of the cornea, with possible the stage of descemetocele, which may perforate and which may be accompanied by complications: adherent corneal leukoma, secondary glaucoma, uveitis, endophthalmitis, various corneal scars. Corneal ulcer treatment requires antibiotics systemic adapted to the offending bacteria, and locally administered antibiotic. HSV viral keratitis has multiple clinical forms: epithelial, stromal and possibly keratouveitis. The treatment of herpetic keratitis is with local antivirals and systemic, Fungal keratitis can be. Deep stromal keratitis is of specific bacterial etiology (syphilis, TB, leprosy), or viral HSV, Epstein-Barr virus. Keratitis can be immune-mediated in corneal diseases associated with rheumatoid arthritis or collagen diseases (polymyositis, dermatomyositis, Wegener’s granulomatosis, Behcet’s). Emergencies in corneal pathology present in corneal abrasion, corneal foreign body, chemical burns (acid, bases), thermal burns.