Ophthalmological Pathology of the Eye: Sclera

The pathology of the sclera is predominantly infectious—inflammatory and includes EPISCLERITIS and SCLERITIS. Episcleritis nodular 20%, simple, episcleritis 80%, are relatively benign, usual self limited, conditions present more common in young women, 40 years, with recurring episclere damage. The etiology of episcleritis is often difficult to define: idiopathic, associated with systemic manifestations (rheumatoid arthritis, tbc, Lyme, syphilis). Scleritis are severe diffuse or localized chronic inflammation of the sclera associated with systemic immunological diseases or infections. Scleritis are: anterior 98% (non-necrotizing 85%), necrotizing 13%, with inflammation, without inflammation (scleroderma perforans) and posterior scleritis 21%. Local treatment corticoids is indicated in episcleritis, anterior scleritis and systemic corticoid (oral i.v.), immunosuppresive agents indicated in severe forms of scleritis.