Ophthalmological Pathology of the Eye: Eyelids

Infectious-inflammatory diseases of the eyelids affect the free edge of the eyelids—blepharitis and palpebral glands—internal stye, external stye and chalazion. Blepharitis is the chronic, recurrent inflammation of the free edge of the eyelid and can be anterior, around the cilia (staphylococcal, seborrheic, mixed) and posterior, affecting the orifices of the Meibomian glands and mixed. Stye is the acute staphylococcal infection of the sebaceous gland of Zeis, internal stye and Meibomius (internal stye), conditions that require local, decongestive treatment, if necessary the opening of the abscess with a laser. Chalazion is the chronic non-infectious inflammation of the Meibomian gland that requires surgical treatment if necessary. At the level of the skin of the eyelids, there may be: edema, ecchymosis, bacterial infections (erysipelas, impetigo, viral infections HSV, HZV), dermatological diseases (contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, eczema, rosacea acne). The positional abnormalities of the eyelids are: congenital spastic, cicatricial, involutive entropion, and cicatricial, paralytic, senile ectropion. At the level of the eyelids, palpebral motility disorders may be present with narrowing of the palpebral fissure in ptosis and blepharospasm or widening of the palpebral fissure in lagophthalmos and palpebral retraction. Eyelid tumors are rare, and can be benign (papilloma, xanthelasma, hemangioma, neurofibroma), precancerous (actinic keratosis) or malignant (squamous, basal and squamous cell, melanoma, adenocalciroma).