Ophthalmological Pathology of the Eye: Lacrimal System

Infectious-inflammatory diseases of the lacrimal gland are acute and chronic dacryoadenitis, primary or secondary, of local or systemic cause. Dacryocystitis is the acute or chronic inflammation of the lacrimal sac, associated with obstruction of the nasolacrimal canal. Congenital dacryocystitis occurs in the new-born due to incomplete perforation/imperforation of Hassner’s membrane at birth and nasolacrimal obstruction. Congenital dacryocystitis often has a chronic course that can become acute with inflammatory phenomena, located at the level of the lacrimal sac. The treatment of the chronic form of congenital dacryocystitis is tear ducts probing with nasolacrimal desobstruction, the acute dacryocystitis requiring antibiotic treatment and the incision of the lacrimal sac. Adult dacryocystitis is chronic and requires surgical treatment by dacryocystorhinostomy. Dry eye syndrome with Sikka keratoconjunctivitis is produced by insufficient tear secretion (Sjogreen syndrome) or secondary, in autoimmune diseases (juvenile arthritis, multiple sclerosis, dermatomyositis LES), evaporative dry eye in posterior blepharitis, proptosis or preserved tear secretion but excessive evaporation of tears, tumors, scars, NC VII paralysis. Hyperlacrimation is primary (rare), in tumors, reflex in inflammatory pathology of the anterior pole (blepharitis, conjunctivitis, iridocyclitis, acute glaucoma) or central (emotional). The clinical evaluation of lacrimation is done by the Jones I–II test.