Congenital eye diseases

Congenital malformations of the eye and the appendages of the eyeball are rare, and affect the anatomical structures of the orbital walls (cranial, craniofacial synostoses), eyelids (palpebral ptosis, palpebral coloboma, entropion, epicanthus), the lacrimal apparatus (lacrimal gland rarely, tear ducts with imperforation or atresia of the lacrimal puncta). Congenital anomalies of the cornea are anomalies of size and curvature (microcornea, megalocornea, flat cornea), and structural anomalies (iridocorneal dysgenesis associated with glaucoma). Corneal dystrophies are anterior, stromal, endothelial and ectatic (keratoconus, keratoglobus), corneal dystrophies. Congenital anomalies of the uvea are possible: coloboma, corectopia, pupillary membrane, pigmentation anomalies. Congenital cataract with partial or total opacification of the lens can be metabolic, present in chromosomal aberrations (trisomy 13, 15, 18, 21-Down), associated with the following syndromes: Lowe, Fabry, Hallerman-Streiff, Marfan. Primitive congenital glaucoma includes isolated trabeculodysgenesis - Buphthalmia (primitive early congenital glaucoma) and associated (aniridia, Petters, Acsenfeld, Rieger anomaly) and can also be present in syndromes, such as: Sturge Webber, Pierre - Robin, Bourneville, von Reclinhaussen. Congenital anomalies of the vitreous are developmental anomalies: pupillary membrane, persistent fetal vasculature. Vitreoretinal dystrophies (Norrie, Pigmenti incontinence, Goldman-Favre, juvenile retinoschisis). Congenital anomalies of the optic disc can be present through myelin fibers, papillary coloboma, morning glory, vascular anomalies of the papilla.