Lemierre’s Syndrome

Lemierre’s syndrome is characterized by a history of recent oropharyngeal infection and clinical or radiological evidence of internal jugular vein thrombosis, usually with septic pulmonary emboli. It is almost always caused by Fusobacterium necrophorum, although rarely other organisms have been reported as etiologies. It represents a rare diagnosis and has been believed to be a “forgotten disease” for many years. Lemierre’s syndrome mainly affects previously healthy young patients (teenagers and young adults). The infection has a mortality rate of 5%. It is essential for the clinician to be aware of its existence and manifestations, as early diagnosis and appropriate treatment reduce morbidity and mortality. This chapter reviews the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of Lemierre’s syndrome.