Noninvasive Fungal Sinusitis

The severity of fungal rhinosinusitis ranges from benign fungal balls to life-threatening acute invasive fungal sinusitis. Fortunately, the most commonly encountered forms of fungal rhinosinusitis are on the benign end of the spectrum: fungal balls and allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS). While fungal balls and AFRS share a common feature—fungus—the pathophysiology, management, and outcomes are considerably different. This chapter reviews these two types of noninvasive fungal rhinosinusitis, with an emphasis on pathophysiology and clinical management.