Complications of Acute Bacterial Sinusitis in Children

Complications of acute bacterial sinusitis are rare, occurring in less than 1% of cases. These complications relate directly to the proximity of the paranasal sinuses to the orbit and brain. Complications may be categorized as orbital, intracranial, and those involving the bone of the frontal sinus. Orbital manifestations may be divided into preseptal or postseptal infections. Outcomes depend on prompt recognition of orbital and intracranial involvement, early intervention with antimicrobials, and, when needed, surgical drainage. This chapter reviews the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, microbiology, and therapy of complications of acute bacterial sinusitis in children.