Experimental Study on the Mechanical and Light-Filtering Properties of Functionally Graded Bio-Composites

This study investigates the development of functionally graded wood bio-composites, integrating sawdust and 3D-printed wood polymer filaments as fibre reinforcements within a rosin-beeswax matrix. Aimed at providing sustainable material alternatives for the construction industry, this research explores the customisation of mechanical properties and light-filtering capabilities through the strategic distribution of filler materials. Experiments assess mechanical strengths and translucency characteristics, revealing how varying compositions influence the composites’ structural integrity and light permeability properties. A proof-of-concept prototype panel was designed and manufactured by combining additive manufacturing of wood polymers with resin casting, using these early findings to showcase the potential for creating composites with tailored functionalities by modifying the filler distribution. This study sets the ground for future material refinements and investigations on bio-composites that offer innovative opportunities for performance-driven design through functional grading, with perspective applications in external building envelopes and interior partition systems.