Modular Metal Nodes for Timber Space Frames

This research explores a new approach toward sustainable timber construction by utilizing leftover timber for space frame structures, and, as such, introducing digitally designed and fabricated modular metal nodes as connectors. With timber construction on the rise in Europe, the potential for future timber shortages looms, necessitating a more effective and efficient use of available wood resources, and, ultimately, characterizing systemic building processes that capitalize on leftover timber. In this light, one important key is to develop modular connectors that are suitable to non-standard material systems and are architecturally lean. Hence, these elements must be geometrically generic while allowing an optimal architectural and structural performance. Of particular concern is therefore the design, development and fabrication of metal node connectors optimized for round timber elements, with two variants explored: one involving individualized topology optimized nodes produced via “lost foam casting”, and another utilizing the same fabrication technique but with a modular approach to allow for efficient assembly, mechanical adaption and serial production. The paper discusses 1) research parameters, 2) the iterative design and fabrication process, and 3) presents an 1:1 architectural prototype. Overall, it highlights the potential of using leftover timber in digital design and building construction, reshaping sustainable timber practices and architecture’s constructive repertoire.