Metamodel and Formalization to Model, Transform, Deploy, and Execute Quantum Workflows

Quantum algorithms typically comprise classical pre- and post-processing tasks, making quantum applications inherently hybrid. To facilitate the integration and orchestration challenges arising when building hybrid applications, a quantum-specific workflow modeling extension was introduced. However, it lacks support for state-of-the-art techniques that have emerged in recent years, e.g., circuit cutting and warm-starting. As the usage of these complex techniques further complicates integrating quantum circuit executions with classical applications, we introduce new activity types and data objects to facilitate their integration. Moreover, we formalize the quantum workflow modeling extension by presenting a metamodel as well as transformation algorithms, ensuring its compatibility with existing workflow languages. Furthermore, we showcase the practical feasibility of our approach by presenting a system architecture, a prototypical implementation, and a case study.