Vascular Malformation Radiosurgery

Intracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVM) and cavernous malformations are vascular malformations with risks of hemorrhage and subsequent morbidity, which may vary by histology, location, history of prior hemorrhage and, in the case of AVM, anatomical features such as number and pattern of draining veins. Management options include observation, surgical resection and, in the case of AVM, embolization. This chapter reviews the natural history with risks of hemorrhage for these vascular malformations and reviews optimal management, particularly with radiosurgery.