Adaptive Strategies of Quercus leucotrichophora in Different Environmental Gradients: Modulations in Leaf Biophysical and Biochemical Functional Traits

Understanding the adaptive strategies of plants through leaf functional trait modulations is critical for assessing the impacts of environmental changes. Biophysical and biochemical functional traits are crucial characteristics of plant leaves that provide valuable insights into their ecological and physiological roles. The variations in these traits to environmental gradients influence critical ecosystem services, including carbon sequestration, nutrient recycling, and productivity. This study evaluated the biophysical and biochemical characteristics of Quercus leucotrichophora in two different environments to understand their adaptive responses to environmental conditions. Twelve leaf traits were examined: six biochemical, four biophysical, and two stoichiometric traits. The findings indicated significant variations in leaf dry matter, carbon and nitrogen, specific leaf area, proline, carotenoids, and chlorophyll between Mussoorie and FRI Dehradun. However, leaf thickness was higher at FRI Dehradun than at Mussoorie. These variations highlight the sensitivity of leaf traits to environmental gradients, underscoring their importance in ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration and nutrient cycling. The study provides insights into the adaptive mechanisms of Q. leucotrichophora, emphasizing the role of leaf trait in plant adaptation to environmental conditions.