Plant Growth Regulators/promoters Mediated Adaptation and Tolerances in Urban Plants for Enhancing Resilience Towards Multiple Stresses

Urban agriculture plays a vital role in ensuring several cities’ food and nutrition security and is gaining significance, particularly in the face of societal impacts like climate change. Environmental conditions that fluctuate globally substantially threaten the survival of natural ecosystems. Urban plants, especially trees, are well recognized for their ability to provide many ecological services across diverse facets of life. Various approaches are used to enhance plant responses to environmental stress, including phytohormones, biostimulants, and plant growth regulators (PGRs). Urban plants play a significant role in ensuring the population's mental health. It is known that PGRs significantly impact the hormone levels of plants in modern agriculture and horticulture. PGRs effectively employ many developmental processes in urban plants, such as induction of flowering and fruiting, modifying root architecture and system, and promoting fruit setting. In this chapter, PGRs have gained significant attention as a viable and environmentally friendly option to mitigate the adverse impacts of environmental stresses on urban plants.