The Determinants of Carbon Dioxide Emissions in ASEAN-7: Evidence from Bayesian Model Averaging Approach

The study uses the Bayesian model averaging (BMA) approach to identify the determinants of carbon dioxide emissions in selected ASEAN countries for the period 1990–2020. The environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis is re-examined during the analysis. Applying both non-informative and informative priors, the results show that energy factors are the main causes affecting CO \(_2\) emission levels. Based on the obtained models, some recommendations are proposed for each group of countries to control the generation of CO \(_2\) outputs.