Perioperative Management of Pumps and Stimulators

The number of chronic painChronic pain patients with implantable devices presenting for surgery has increased substantially as the indications for these devices has continued to expand. This patient population may present a challenge to healthcare professionals and a comprehensive understanding of the devices is necessary to optimize the analgesicAnalgesics and anesthetic care of these patients. Implantable neuromodulationNeuromodulation devices include intrathecal pain pumpsIntrathecal pain pump, spinal cord stimulators, and peripheral nerve stimulators. Specific implications for these devices may vary depending on the type of device, location of the surgical procedure, and whether the implantable device is intended to address analgesicAnalgesics concerns within the realm of the surgical insult.