Perioperative Analgesia for a Patient Going for Spine Surgery

Spinal surgerySpinal surgery is frequently complicated by significant acute postoperative pain. Suboptimal pain managementPain management can lead to persistent post surgical and chronic painChronic pain. There are multiple avenues to perioperatively manage pain including non-pharmacological, pharmacological and interventional. To optimize the patient experience, clinicians must strive to incorporate and individualize analgesicAnalgesics regimes, taking into account all phases of perioperative carePerioperative care. Novel modalities such as cryotherapy and neuromodulationNeuromodulation require further investigation.