Representation or Inclusion in Pakistan: Are Women Making a Difference?

Pakistan has experienced a surge in violence against women, with over 63,367 cases reported, 3987 women killed, and over 10,500 victims of sexual violence. This has led to a lack of legal structures and policies to protect women. Women make up almost half of the population, but they only have a small share of senior, executive, or legislative roles, with only 4.5% participation in the labor force. Women’s political engagement is limited, with only 40% voting during the 2018 elections. Pakistan’s Constitution has reserved quotas for women, but the current makeup of Pakistan’s parliament is only 21% female. The current representation of Pakistan’s parliament is only around 3%, and there are 60 seats reserved for women (Tanoli, Gendered politics prevail. T-Magazine. https://tribune.com.pk/story/2342240/gendered-politics-prevail , 2022). To improve women’s conditions, it is crucial to ensure women’s representation at different policy and decision-making levels. This study aims to explore the effect of gendered representation using an experimental design to determine its impact on perceived performance. It is essential to understand why an increase in women’s representation in politics and parliament leads to an alarming increase in violence against women.