Maintenance of Thermal Regime in a Biogas Plant Used for Energy Supply of Modular Buildings

Ukraine possesses significant land resources for agriculture, which allows not only to provide the population with food but also to produce raw materials for bioenergy. Agricultural waste and residues, such as straw from cereal and leguminous crops, corn and sunflower seeds, sunflower husks, sugar beet pulp, and fallen leaves, can be used as raw materials for bioenergy. In the production of gaseous fuel from fallen leaves, not only energy in the form of biogas is generated, but also high-quality fertilizers that can be used for personal needs or sold to farms. Biogas production takes place in bioreactors of various designs, differing in shape, material, mixing methods, heating of biomass, and the volume of raw material processing. The article presents a graph of thermal capacities and the distribution of heat flows in a bioreactor, as well as dependencies for determining heat flows on flat and cylindrical surfaces. The current state of fallen leaf utilization is examined, and a method of anaerobic fermentation is proposed. The main factors influencing methane formation are studied, and the calculation of biogas production is presented. The productivity of the bioreactor is determined depending on the temperature of the raw material and the hydraulic retention time.