Recovery of metals from aqueous waste streams is a priority in making water recycling technologies economically viable. A solvent extraction (SX) raffinate from a printed circuit board recycling operation in northern Ontario with high concentrations of Na, Cl, S, and As was tested for water capture. This type of hydrometallurgical effluent is a challenge to commercial water recycling technologies like reverse osmosis, especially because of the high metal concentrations and the low pH of 1. To address this challenge, we are developing a hybrid forward osmosis and freeze concentration (FO-FC) process. Forward osmosis (FO) osmotically extracts water through a water-selective membrane into a concentrated draw solution (CDS): in this case, a MgCl2 solution. This concentrates the hydrometallurgical effluent and creates a diluted draw solution (DDS). Freeze concentration (FC) freezes the extracted water out of the DDS and regenerates the CDS while producing ice. Depending on the process water requirements and draw salt costs, further purification of the ice melt via reverse osmosis (RO) may be necessary, or it can be recycled as is. We operate with a commercially available FO membrane made by Aquaporin, which can tolerate lower pHs than other commercial options. This work presents a parametric study of the mass and energy balance requirements of the process using OLI flowsheet for the maximum water removable from the raffinate and the electrical energy required to do so.

错误:搜索内容不能为空,请输入英文关键词
错误:关键词超出字数限制,请精简
高级检索

Water and Metalloid Recovery from Circuit Board Recycling Raffinate by Forward Osmosis with Freeze Concentration

  • Noel Devaere,
  • Vladimiros Papangelakis

摘要

Recovery of metals from aqueous waste streams is a priority in making water recycling technologies economically viable. A solvent extraction (SX) raffinate from a printed circuit board recycling operation in northern Ontario with high concentrations of Na, Cl, S, and As was tested for water capture. This type of hydrometallurgical effluent is a challenge to commercial water recycling technologies like reverse osmosis, especially because of the high metal concentrations and the low pH of 1. To address this challenge, we are developing a hybrid forward osmosis and freeze concentration (FO-FC) process. Forward osmosis (FO) osmotically extracts water through a water-selective membrane into a concentrated draw solution (CDS): in this case, a MgCl2 solution. This concentrates the hydrometallurgical effluent and creates a diluted draw solution (DDS). Freeze concentration (FC) freezes the extracted water out of the DDS and regenerates the CDS while producing ice. Depending on the process water requirements and draw salt costs, further purification of the ice melt via reverse osmosis (RO) may be necessary, or it can be recycled as is. We operate with a commercially available FO membrane made by Aquaporin, which can tolerate lower pHs than other commercial options. This work presents a parametric study of the mass and energy balance requirements of the process using OLI flowsheet for the maximum water removable from the raffinate and the electrical energy required to do so.