Freeze concentration (FC) is a well-known technique for water separation by the formation of ice. Although primarily used in the food and chemical industry, the same principle can be applied to hydrometallurgical effluent treatments with the benefit of lower energy cost, lower carbon footprint, and less corrosion and scaling concerns than evaporative processes. However, commercial FC processes form ice as suspended solids which necessitates a complex purification system, making it uneconomical. In response, we have developed a continuous layer freeze concentration (LFC) device that grows ice as a solid rod that is then slowly extruded from the reactor, allowing simultaneous ice recovery. Freezing experiments conducted at various temperatures with a 1.5 molal MgCl2 solution all demonstrated at least 70% impurity reduction without any post-purification. Further increasing the impurity reduction to above 99% is achievable through deionized water washing and vacuum filtration but at the expense of a 60% loss in ice. A comparison with conventional suspension freeze concentration (SFC) showed our new LFC design to be superior at producing higher quality ice and reducing ice loss.

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A Novel Continuous Layer Freeze Concentration Process for High-Quality Water Recovery

  • Runlin Yuan,
  • Benjamin Drakich,
  • Vladimiros G. Papangelakis

摘要

Freeze concentration (FC) is a well-known technique for water separation by the formation of ice. Although primarily used in the food and chemical industry, the same principle can be applied to hydrometallurgical effluent treatments with the benefit of lower energy cost, lower carbon footprint, and less corrosion and scaling concerns than evaporative processes. However, commercial FC processes form ice as suspended solids which necessitates a complex purification system, making it uneconomical. In response, we have developed a continuous layer freeze concentration (LFC) device that grows ice as a solid rod that is then slowly extruded from the reactor, allowing simultaneous ice recovery. Freezing experiments conducted at various temperatures with a 1.5 molal MgCl2 solution all demonstrated at least 70% impurity reduction without any post-purification. Further increasing the impurity reduction to above 99% is achievable through deionized water washing and vacuum filtration but at the expense of a 60% loss in ice. A comparison with conventional suspension freeze concentration (SFC) showed our new LFC design to be superior at producing higher quality ice and reducing ice loss.