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Mkango Resources Ltd. is developing the Songwe Hill rare earth carbonatite deposit in Malawi. The rare earth host minerals in the ore include synchysite (Ca(Ce,La,Nd)(CO3)2F), parisite (Ca(Ce,La,Nd)2(CO3)3F2) and fluorapatite Ca5(PO4)3F. The process development for the flotation concentrate was targeted at the particular mineralogy of the deposit and aimed to develop a flowsheet that would elegantly address the challenges relating to the simultaneous presence of phosphate, fluoride and calcium which complicated the recovery of rare earths downstream. This paper outlines the various process options evaluated including direct HCl leach, air roast/HCl leach, sodium carbonate roast/HCl leach and caustic conversion/HCl leach. A simple flowsheet was developed, which was later tested at pilot plant scale and successfully demonstrated high rare earth recoveries and formed the basis for a definitive feasibility study.

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Process Selection for Mkango Resources’ Songwe Hill Rare Earth Deposit

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Elizabeth Ho,
  • Karin Soldenhoff,
  • Will Dawes

摘要

Mkango Resources Ltd. is developing the Songwe Hill rare earth carbonatite deposit in Malawi. The rare earth host minerals in the ore include synchysite (Ca(Ce,La,Nd)(CO3)2F), parisite (Ca(Ce,La,Nd)2(CO3)3F2) and fluorapatite Ca5(PO4)3F. The process development for the flotation concentrate was targeted at the particular mineralogy of the deposit and aimed to develop a flowsheet that would elegantly address the challenges relating to the simultaneous presence of phosphate, fluoride and calcium which complicated the recovery of rare earths downstream. This paper outlines the various process options evaluated including direct HCl leach, air roast/HCl leach, sodium carbonate roast/HCl leach and caustic conversion/HCl leach. A simple flowsheet was developed, which was later tested at pilot plant scale and successfully demonstrated high rare earth recoveries and formed the basis for a definitive feasibility study.