The increasing demand for explosive-free rock breakage systems in mining engineering and space industry applications has prompted a focused investigation into novel techniques. Ensuring efficient hard rock breaking and preventing rock burst disasters are paramount considerations, particularly in deep construction areas with high in-situ stresses. This study delves into the laboratory-scale exploration of the impact of high voltage pulse (HVP) and cryogenic fluid (CF) fracturing on permeability and porosity changes in synthetic hard rocks. The experimentation involved varying voltage levels and immersion duration in liquid nitrogen. Using a gas porosimeter-permeameter instrument, the study revealed a remarkable up to 1,710,669% increase in permeability, showcasing the efficacy of these techniques in enhancing rock permeability. Furthermore, notable cracks were observed on the samples, serving as visual evidence of the transformative effects. The cryogenic fluid treatment demonstrated the gradual formation of a connected network of microcracks. The study emphasizes that rock type and initial porosity, significantly impact the intensity of mechanical damage induced by cryogenic fluid treatment. This research provides crucial insights into the realm of explosive-free rock breakage, laying the groundwork for further exploration of HVP and CF fracturing in real-world applications.