With the widespread application of lithium iron phosphate batteries and their limited lifespan, the disposal of spent lithium iron phosphate batteries is increasing annually, posing threats such as leakage, explosion, and combustion. These hazards endanger the natural environment, including water bodies, soil, and the atmosphere, as well as the safety of human beings and wildlife. Additionally, the substantial generation of battery waste also contributes to land resource occupation. Therefore, timely and proper recycling of these discarded batteries is essential. This serves as a crucial avenue for turning waste into wealth, not only avoiding the aforementioned risks but also enabling the reuse of valuable components like lithium. This, in turn, leads to various benefits in terms of resources, energy, environment, economy, and society. Among the components of discarded lithium iron phosphate batteries, lithium is the most valuable, as it lacks precious metals like nickel and cobalt, and the recovery value of elements like iron and phosphorus is relatively low. However, the overall lithium recovery rate from spent lithium iron phosphate batteries is less than 1%, making lithium recovery a critical focus that requires advanced techniques. Selective leaching methods, particularly those for lithium, have gained significant attention and research as green, simple, low-cost, and sustainable approaches for recycling lithium iron phosphate. This chapter comprehensively summarizes existing research progress, integrates E-pH diagrams, and analyzes the feasibility, advantages, and disadvantages of these methods.