Biosensors providing accurate and rapid readings with high selectivity are immensely in demand in many areas, including food-safety investigations, environmental monitoring, and biomedical applications. In order to fabricate high-performance-biosensors, recognition units targeting the analyte with high affinity and specificity must be employed in the sensing platform. Antibodies have been utilized extensively since the earliest examples of biosensors because of their high affinity and selectivity. However, the time-consuming and expensive production time, along with the low durability, steered researchers to synthetic alternatives. Novel artificial receptors such as aptamers and molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have been designed and produced for a wide range of analytes. These artificial receptors are coupled with various transducing elements (e.g., electrochemical, optical, piezoelectrical) for numerous biosensing applications. In this chapter, we review recent biosensors employing three types of commonly used receptors, namely, antibodies, aptamers, and MIPs, focusing on detection method, sensitivity, and real-life applicability.