Sarnaism, Spirituality and Sustainability: Understanding Adivasi Religious Belief System and Identity Formation

Historically, the Adivasis (tribal/indigenous people) of India have represented an alternative way of life and belief capable of protecting the earth and its people from anthropogenic disaster. Their customs, rituals, and festivals are inextricably linked to an implicit preservation of nature and the environment. The Sarhul and Karam festivals, for instance, revolve around Sal (Shorea robusta) and Karam tree (Nauclea parvifolia). However, the religious identity of the Adivasis is a prominent issue which has been misinterpreted by many. Sarna Dharam, also known as Adi-dharam, is the religious belief system of the Adivasi communities. It reveals a way of life based on egalitarian ideals, ancestors, stability of nature, humans as well as a symbiotic interaction between humans and animals. So, the present study seeks to investigate the principles of Sarna religion and its impact or role in the sustainability of nature. Furthermore, the study also aims to examine how the religious performances (rituals and festivals) of Adivasis assist them in rearticulating their distinct religious identity.