Evaluating the Effect of Porosity on the Dynamic Modulus of Bituminous Composites Using a Heterogeneous Finite Element Model

In this study, the mechanical performance of bituminous composites was predicted using an upscaling methodology that integrated both finite element (FE) analysis and analytical modeling. The finite element approach was employed to incorporate intricate geometries and material characteristics, ensuring a comprehensive representation. The complex modulus of the matrix and the elastic properties of aggregates served as inputs for the numerical models at various scales. A significant advantage of this approach lies in its capability to explore larger-scale structures, characterized by complex geometries and constitutive behaviors, grounded upon material traits at a smaller scale. This approach takes into account the distinctive attributes of the granular framework at each level. Furthermore, the investigation encompassed the influence of air void proportions on the composite’s modulus. The numerical models encompassed the random incorporation of air voids within the matrix at varying levels. Notably, it was observed that heightened temperatures intensified the impact of air void content on the complex modulus of the asphalt mixture.