Modified ZnO Nanomaterials Electrodes for Monitoring of Environmental Contaminants

This chapter throws light on the various types of modified zinc oxide nanosized materials (ZONSMs) used as biosensorBiosensors to detect and monitor environmental contaminantsEnvironmental contaminants. There are many toxic contaminants present in our food and environmental water which adversely affects the health of human beings. Hence, this chapter summarized various ZONSMs-based nanohybrid electrodesElectrodes which are consistent, convenient, handy and low-priced to meet market demand for biosensorsBiosensors. Firstly, different types of metal oxidesMetal oxides which are utilized for the fabrication of electrodesElectrodes to be used for the monitoring of environmental contaminantsEnvironmental contaminants are discussed. Thereafter, the significance of ZONSMs in comparison with other metallic oxides for bio-sensing application is discussed in detail. Subsequently, different methods applied for the fabrication of modified zinc oxideZinc oxide nanocomposite are elaborated in detail. Later, different categories of modifiers such as inorganic, organic and polymeric materials utilized for the surface modification of ZONSMs to enhance the performance of biosensorsBiosensors for detecting biomoleculesBiomolecules are described in detail. After that, zinc oxideZinc oxide -based nanohybrids electrodesElectrodes developed for the detection and monitoring of contaminants are discussed in detail. These nanohybrids are very efficient, selective, sensitive and stable towards different analytes. These nanohybrids are considered as prominent materials for the bio-sensingBiosensing applications. Furthermore, prospective, challenges and future applications of modified zinc oxideZinc oxide materials electrodesElectrodes in different fields are also incorporated in this chapter.