Functionalized Nanomaterials-Based Electrochemical Sensors for the Detection and Remediation of Heavy Metals in Waste Water

Past few decades have observed huge upsurge in the development of new sustainable analytical processes and scientific methodologies for the abatement of heavy metals pollution. The deleterious effects of these toxic contaminants pose threat to the mankind and environment which necessitates growth of reliable, highly sensitive, and specific technologies that can be utilized in a lucid manner, for the estimation and determination of heavy metal ions. Electrochemical sensor technology is one such system which provides low-cost, convenient, trace, and precise detections of heavy metals much superior over the prevailing conventional methods. Nanoparticles, when adhered to the working surface of sensor effectively quantify high-density metals, present in the solution and real samples. These nanomaterialsNanomaterials have the ability to further increase their surface to volume ratio enhancing the capability of modified electrodesElectrodes attain low detection limit. This can be attained by functionalizing, adsorbing, encapsulating, bonding, and modifying their morphology and structures by the biological or chemical moieties. This paper presents a brief overview of nanocomposites, functionalized nanomaterialsNanomaterials, aptamers-based nanoparticles, and metal organic framework-based nanomaterialsNanomaterials modified electrodesElectrodes, which have been used for the detection and remediation of heavy metals in water.