Modified TiO2 Nanomaterials-Based Electrodes for Biosensors

This chapter elaborates on the various types of modified titanium dioxide nanosized materials (TDONSMs) used as biosensorsBiosensors to detect and monitor environmental contaminantsEnvironmental contaminants. It has been observed that there are many harmful pollutants present in our food and environmental water that badly affect the health of living beings. Hence, this particular chapter summarizes different TDONSMs-based nanohybrid electrodesElectrodes that are reliable, stable, convenient, handy, and inexpensive to fulfil the demands of customers of biosensorsBiosensors. Initially, various types of metal oxidesMetal oxides that are used for the development of electrodesElectrodes are discussed. Subsequently, the significance of TDONSMs in comparison with other metallic oxides for biosensing applications is elaborated thoroughly. Afterwards, several methods applied for the fabrication of surface-modified titanium dioxideTitanium Dioxide nanocomposites are elaborated in detail. Later, different categories of modifiers such as organic, inorganic, polymers, small molecules, and hydrogelsHydrogels utilized for the surface modification of TDONSMs to enhance the performance of biosensorsBiosensors for detecting biomoleculesBiomolecules are described thoroughly. After that, TDONSMs-based nanohybrid electrodesElectrodes designed for the detection and monitoring of pollutants are discussed systematically. These TDONSMs-based nanohybrids are found to be very effective, efficient, selective, sensitive, and stable towards the different analytes present in our surroundings. These TDONSMs-based nanohybrids are considered outstanding materials for the development of biosensorsBiosensors. Moreover, prospective challenges and future applications of surface-modified TDONSMs electrodesElectrodes utilized in different fields are also included in this chapter.