Nanomaterials-Modified Electrodes for Glucose Sensing

Diabetes mellitus is one of the rapidly increasing health concerns across the globe. Glucose sensors are one most popular means for knowing the instant glucose concentration either through invasive or non-invasive bodily fluids. However, the sensors available in the market rely majorly on traditional enzymes like glucose oxidase and glucose dehydrogenases for detection. These electrodesElectrodes are in the process of being replaced by nanomaterial-based electrodes because of the low shelf life, lower sensitivity, and false positive and negative results. These drawbacks could be majorly pointed toward the instability of the enzymes at higher temperatures, humidity levels, and other environmental and physiological parameters. This chapter covers various types of nanomaterialsNanomaterials used in glucose sensingGlucose sensing electrodesElectrodes, including grapheneGraphene, carbon nanotubesCarbon nanotubes (CNTs), metal nanoparticles, etc., and the fundamental strategies to enhance the electrochemical properties for glucose sensingGlucose sensing. It also covers the research gap and future outlooks concerning. In addition to it, it covers mostly the critical aspects of nanomaterialNanomaterials-based glucose sensingGlucose sensing, including the design and fabrication of highly sensitive nanomaterialNanomaterials-based glucose-sensing electrodesElectrodes. The chapter will conclude with a discussion of the challenges and limitations of nanomaterialNanomaterials-based glucose sensingGlucose sensing and the potential solutions that can being explored.