Scalable Blockchain-Based Access Control Algorithm for Large-Scale IoT Networks with Byzantine Nodes

In this paper, we investigate the access control problem in large-scale Internet of things (IoT) scenarios with Byzantine nodes, and propose a scalable blockchain-based access control architecture and a reliable access control consensus algorithm. Firstly, a two-layer blockchain network architecture is constructed, which is composed of a higher-layer main cluster and lower-layer sub-clusters. A cost optimal-based clustering algorithm is proposed to construct the sub-clusters of the blockchain. To achieve efficient consensus among main cluster nodes, a modified Raft (MRaft) algorithm is proposed. Then, the practical Byzantine fault tolerance (PBFT) algorithm is presented for the sub-clusters. The performance of the proposed consensus algorithm is evaluated through simulations.